You can determine if the current request is being made by an authenticated user or not using if(Request.IsAuthenticated)
The web is not a stateful environment, there is no easy way to tell whether particular users are logged in or not except in the context of a web request.
We do have a feature in the Site Statistics that tells who is online but it is not precise, it assumes a user is online if he has made a request in the past 20 minutes which is the default session timeout.
Hope it helps,
Joe