How do I modify the allowed file types?
Look at the settings in Web.config for allowed file extensions, you can copy that to user.config and modify it.
Are there any plans to add a browse and attach file directly to the forum post page?
That is what this allows, users can upload a file and create a link to the file, it isn't an attachment in the same sense as email has attachments because this is not email it is a forum and a forum is just a web page in a web page you can link to files. There is no different implementation planned. If by attachment you mean you want to have an icon next to the link like a paper clip that could already be done by some clever css based on file extensions, no feature needs to be implemented to do that.
Best,
Joe